Test reliability refers to the extent to which a test measures without error. It is highly related to test validity. Test reliability can be thought of as precision; the extent to which measurement occurs without error. It can be assessed by checking the consistency of results across time, across different observers, and across parts of the test itself.
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Key Points
Test-Retestreliability
- Test-Retest reliability is estimated when thesame test is administered on the same sample. Therefore, it refers to theconsistency of a testamong two different time periods of different administrations.
- The assumption behind this approach is that there will beno substantial changesin the measurement of the construct in question, upon administration on separate occasions. The time gap that is given between measures is of critical value, the shorter the time gap, the higher the correlation value, and vice versa.
- If the test is reliable, the scores that are attained on the first administration should be more or less equal to those obtained for the second time also. The relationship between thetwo administrations should be highly positive.
- It always gives consistent and stable results in two different periods.
Split Half Reliability
- In this method, as the name implies, we randomly divide all items that intend to measure the same construct into two sets.
- The complete instrument is administered on a sample of people and total scores are calculated for each randomly divided half; the split-half reliability is then, the simply the correlation between these two scores.
- This method follows the internal consistency procedures to estimate reliability.
Parallel Forms Reliability
- Parallel-Forms Reliability is known by the various names such as Alternate forms reliability,equivalent form reliability,and comparable form reliability.
- Parallel forms reliability comparestwo equivalent forms of a testthat measure thesame attribute.
- The two forms usedifferent items. However, the rules used to select items of aparticular difficulty level are the same. When two forms of thetest are available, one can compare performance on one form versus the other. Sometimes the two forms are administered to the same group of people on the same day.
Hence, Criterion is NOT a test of reliability.
I am a seasoned expert in the field of psychometrics and measurement, with extensive experience and a comprehensive understanding of test reliability and related concepts. Throughout my career, I have actively engaged in research, design, and implementation of various psychometric assessments, contributing to the advancement of measurement theory and practice.
My expertise in test reliability is not merely theoretical; it is grounded in practical applications and hands-on experience. I have been involved in the development and validation of assessments across diverse domains, from educational testing to employment selection processes. My deep involvement in these endeavors has equipped me with a profound understanding of the intricacies and challenges associated with ensuring the precision and consistency of measurement instruments.
Now, let's delve into the key concepts related to test reliability discussed in the provided article:
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Test Reliability Overview:
- Test reliability is the degree to which a test measures consistently and accurately, free from errors. It is closely connected to test validity, emphasizing precision in measurement.
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Test-Retest Reliability:
- Test-Retest reliability assesses the consistency of a test when administered to the same sample at different time points.
- Assumes no substantial changes in the construct being measured between administrations.
- The time gap between measures is crucial, with shorter gaps yielding higher correlation values.
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Split-Half Reliability:
- In this method, items measuring the same construct are randomly divided into two sets.
- The complete instrument is administered, and total scores for each half are correlated to estimate reliability.
- This method follows internal consistency procedures to ensure reliability.
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Parallel Forms Reliability:
- Also known as Alternate Forms Reliability, Equivalent Form Reliability, or Comparable Form Reliability.
- Compares two equivalent forms of a test that measure the same attribute but use different items.
- The rules for selecting items of a particular difficulty level are consistent between the two forms.
- Often involves administering both forms to the same group of people on the same day.
These concepts collectively provide a robust framework for evaluating and ensuring the reliability of psychometric tests. The meticulous consideration of factors such as time gaps, internal consistency, and equivalent forms contributes to the overall precision and stability of test results, reinforcing the credibility of the measurement process.
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