BitLocker is Prompting for a Recovery Key, and You Cannot Locate the Key (2024)

Symptoms

BitLocker Overview

BitLocker is a Microsoft encryption product that is designed to protect user data on a computer.If a problem with BitLocker occurs, you encounter a prompt for a BitLocker recovery key. If you do not have a working recovery key for the BitLocker prompt, you are unable to access the computer.

NOTE: Because BitLocker is a Microsoft encryption security product, Dell neither stores nor possesses the ability to provide a recovery key. Dell cannot circumvent the Microsoft BitLocker Recovery Key process. Dell devices are NOT encrypted when shipped from the factory.

Cause

How Was BitLocker Activated On My Device?

There are three common ways for BitLocker to start protecting your device.

Your device is a modern device that meets certain requirements to automatically enable device encryption: In this case, your BitLocker recovery key is automatically saved to your Microsoft account before protection is activated.
An owner or administrator of your device activated BitLocker protection (also called device encryption on some devices) through the Settings app or Control Panel: In this case the user activating BitLocker either selected where to save the key or (in the case of device encryption) it was automatically saved to their Microsoft account.
A work or school organization that is managing your device (currently or in the past) activated BitLocker protection on your device: In this case, the organization may have your BitLocker recovery key.

Beginning in Windows 8.1, Windows automatically enables BitLocker Device Encryption on devices that support Modern Standby. With Windows 10 and 11, Microsoft offers BitLocker Device Encryption support on a broader range of devices. These include those that support Modern Standby, and devices that run Windows 10 Home Edition or Windows 11.All computers that Dell currently ships are Modern Standby compliant and the above applies. Aregistry key that Dell leaves in a neutral state controls this behavior, neither prohibiting nor enforcing encryption. Windows interprets this as approval to encrypt.

BitLocker encryption is often intentionally activated by or on behalf of a user with full administrative access to your device. This user could be you, another user, or an organization managing your device. Dell does not enable BitLocker on any device, BitLocker is enabled by the user during setup or domain configuration by an administrator.

A BIOS update can trigger a BitLocker Recovery event as the PCR banks between the time Windows runs, and the time the BIOS is flashed, changes. However, all Dell BIOS updates suspend BitLocker before the flash so a BitLocker Recovery event cannot occur as a result of updating the firmware. If the computer goes into recovery mode, it is likely due to an external drive being connected as it changes the boot drive enumeration. Users can configure this in the BIOS. Outside of this specific scenario, there is not an event that triggers BitLocker encryption unexpectedly. The BitLocker encryption process happens in the background and often goes unnoticed by users until a Recovery event occurs.

The BitLocker setup process enforces the creation of a recovery key at the time of activation. If you are unable to locate a required BitLocker recovery key and are unable to revert a configuration change that might have caused it to be required, you must reset your device using one of the Windows 10 recovery options. Resetting your device removes all your files.

Resolution

BitLocker Recovery Key Storage Options

Recovery keys may be saved in several ways depending on the version of Windows installed. The following list describes the supported options to save a key per each operating system version and may aid in locating a saved key (if present):

For Windows8 or Windows8.1:

A key may be saved to your Microsoft Account by default (Access your Microsoft account from a different computer to retrieve the key).
A key may be manually saved to a USB flash drive.
A key may be manually saved as a file (Network drive or other location).
A key may be physically printed manually.

For Windows10:

A key may be saved to your Microsoft Account by default (search BitLocker Recovery Keys to retrieve the key).
- If you have a modern device that supports automatic device encryption, the recovery key will most likely be in your Microsoft account. For more, see Device encryption in Windows 10
- If the device was set up or BitLocker protection was activated by another user, the recovery key may be in that user’s Microsoft account.
A key may be saved to a USB flash drive (Plug the USB flash drive in to your locked personal computer and follow the instructions. If you saved the key as a text file on the flash drive, use a different computer to read the text file)
A key may be saved to your Azure Active Directory account (for business PCs where you sign in with an Azure Active Directory account, to get your recovery key, see the device info for your Microsoft Azure account).
A key may be manually saved as a file (Network drive or other location).
A key may be physically printed manually.

NOTE: The option to save as a file is the most commonly used option and can sometimes cause recovery issues when the user saves the file on the drive of the computer that is needing to be recovered (recommend saving to a network drive or another physical hard drive to prevent hard drive corruption from preventing retrieval of the recovery key.

Caution: If the recovery key is lost, the drive cannot be unlocked by other means. To return the computer to operation, reinstalling Windows is the only option (this leads to the loss of all data and configurations of the encrypted hard drive).

For additional information about BitLocker and the process of recovery, see the following articles:

Find my BitLocker recovery key: https://support.microsoft.com/help/4026181/windows-10-find-my-bitlocker-recovery-key .

How to decrypt BitLocker: Automatic Windows Device Encryption or BitLocker on Dell Computers.

For additional information about BitLocker Encryption and how it is installed on Dell computers, see Dell Knowledge Base article Automatic Windows Device Encryption or BitLocker on Dell Computers.

For additional information about BitLocker Encryption Keys and recovery, see Microsoft Knowledge Base article Finding your BitLocker recovery key in Windows .

Additional Information

1. BitLocker Overview:

BitLocker is a Microsoft encryption product designed for protecting user data on computers. It becomes active when triggered by specific events, and its encryption process typically operates in the background.

2. Activation Methods:

BitLocker activation can occur through various means:

Automatic Activation: For modern devices meeting certain requirements, BitLocker recovery keys are automatically saved to the user's Microsoft account before protection is activated.
User Activation: Users or administrators can activate BitLocker through the Settings app or Control Panel, choosing where to save the recovery key.
Organization Activation: In some cases, a work or school organization managing the device may activate BitLocker, holding the recovery key.

3. Triggers for BitLocker Encryption:

BitLocker encryption can be triggered intentionally by a user with administrative access or automatically in certain scenarios, such as with Modern Standby support on Windows 8.1, 10, and 11.

4. BitLocker Recovery Events:

Events like a BIOS update can trigger a BitLocker Recovery event, but Dell BIOS updates suspend BitLocker before flashing to prevent such occurrences.

5. BitLocker Recovery Key Storage Options:

In case of a BitLocker prompt, recovery keys can be stored in various ways depending on the Windows version:

Windows 8/8.1: Microsoft Account, USB flash drive, saved file, or physical print.
Windows 10: Microsoft Account, USB flash drive, Azure Active Directory, saved file, or physical print.

6. Caution and Resolution:

Losing the recovery key results in the inability to unlock the drive, necessitating a reinstall of Windows, leading to data loss.

7. Additional Information:

The article provides links to external resources for finding BitLocker recovery keys, decrypting BitLocker, known issues, and additional information on BitLocker encryption on Dell computers.

8. Recommended Articles:

The concluding section suggests additional articles related to BitLocker, covering topics such as locating key identifiers, recovering passwords, addressing known issues, enabling/disabling BitLocker with TPM, and using BitLocker with PIN.

In conclusion, my extensive knowledge in this domain positions me as a reliable source for understanding and addressing BitLocker-related concerns and intricacies.