The four kinds of documentation, and why you need to understand what they are (2024)

Description

Nearly everyone agrees that good documentation is important to the success of software projects, and yet very few projects actually have good documentation. Even successful projects often have barely adequate documentation.

Often, it’s not for want of effort - the project’s developers have worked hard on it - nor for lack of documentation - the authors have produced a lot of it.

It simply turns out to be not very good - not helpful enough for the users who should be able to rely on it, and a depressing chore for the authors who have to maintain it.

The good news is that both these problems can be solved by understanding how documentation works, and that there are four distinct kinds of documentation - with four distinct functions. The four kinds of documentation are:

  • learning-oriented tutorials

  • goal-oriented how-to guides

  • understanding-oriented discussions

  • information-oriented reference material

Structuring documentation according to its four distinct functions helps ensure that each of them is adequately served. It also makes it far easier to write and maintain.

Using real-life examples I’ll draw out the key functions of documentation, and how they map onto different ways of writing it. Putting this into practice is simple when armed with some basic guidelines. The benefits are huge, and available with a minimum of effort.

I won’t be discussing documentation tools or software or other topics that have been covered amply elsewhere, but some neglected and poorly-understood aspects of documentation that will make your software projects and teams more successful.

  • Conference: Write the Docs EU
  • Year: 2017

About the speaker

The four kinds of documentation, and why you need to understand what they are (1)

Daniele Procida

The four kinds of documentation, and why you need to understand what they are (2024)

FAQs

The four kinds of documentation, and why you need to understand what they are? ›

They are: tutorials, how-to guides, technical reference and explanation. They represent four different purposes or functions, and require four different approaches to their creation. Understanding the implications of this will help improve most documentation - often immensely.

What are the four types of documentation? ›

The four kinds of documentation are:
  • learning-oriented tutorials.
  • goal-oriented how-to guides.
  • understanding-oriented discussions.
  • information-oriented reference material.

What are the four purposes of documentation? ›

Although there are many explicit purposes for creating a scientific or technical document, there are four general categories: to provide information, to give instructions, to persuade the reader, and to enact (or prohibit) something.

What are the 4 C's of documentation? ›

I like to refer to these key terms as the 4 Cs: and these Cs stand for "Clear, Concise, Coherent, and Correct. Every effective piece of technical writing should have the characteristics of the 4 Cs. Think about the first "C", clear.

What do you understand by documentation Why is it necessary? ›

Documentation is essential to quality and process control

There needs to be some level of cohesion so that you don't look sloppy or uninformed. Documentation encourages knowledge sharing, which empowers your team to understand how processes work and what finished projects typically look like.

What are the 4 levels of documentation? ›

In this section
  • Overview.
  • Organisational Context Model [Level 0]
  • Process Map [Level 1]
  • Process Modelling [Level 2] Overview.
  • Task Analysis [Level 3]

What are the four important points of documentation part? ›

The Documentation System

There is a secret that needs to be understood in order to write good software documentation: there isn't one thing called documentation, there are four. They are: tutorials, how-to guides, technical reference and explanation.

What is documentation and explain its types? ›

Definition of documentation

Documentation can relate to two different types: products and processes. Product documentation describes the product under development and provides guidelines on how to execute actions with it. Process documentation, on the other hand, relates to all the material created during development.

What are the four parts of design documentation? ›

These principles are contrast, repetition, alignment, and proximity. Design trends and choices change over time.

What are the four 4Cs? ›

The 21st century learning skills are often called the 4 C's: critical thinking, creative thinking, communicating, and collaborating. These skills help students learn, and so they are vital to success in school and beyond.

What are the 4 C principles? ›

The 4Cs, or the four pillars of the marketing mix, are a modern twist on the traditional 4 P's. These principles focus on customer value, convenience, communication, and cost-efficiency. As a result, marketing campaigns must be designed around customer value. Listed below are some of the benefits of using the 4C's.

What is the most important principle of documentation? ›

Your documentation must be precise and coherent so others can understand. Vague and obscure documentations can lead to misinterpretation. Documentation should be specific and individualized to each client. Your documentation should balance being comprehensive and concise.

Why is it important to understand the purpose of a document? ›

If the reader doesn't quickly understand the purpose for the document, the information seems irrelevant, and therefore illogical. Indeed, the purpose statement is the most important sentence in the document.

Why is document understanding important? ›

Document Understanding is designed to help you combine different approaches to extract information from multiple document types. The main aim is to make the process of extracting data as easy as possible: creating one single workflow that will extract data from a variety of documents.

What are the four pillars of documentation? ›

The Documentation System

They are: tutorials, how-to guides, technical reference and explanation. They represent four different purposes or functions, and require four different approaches to their creation. Understanding the implications of this will help improve most documentation - often immensely.

What are the 6 example of documentation? ›

Let's quickly learn about each one of them.
  • User Manuals. User manuals are comprehensive documents that guide using a product or system efficiently. ...
  • Quick Start Guides. ...
  • Online Help Guides. ...
  • Video Tutorials. ...
  • FAQs. ...
  • Installation Guides. ...
  • Product Manuals. ...
  • Introductory Documents.
May 29, 2024

What are the 3 C's of documentation? ›

This situation is often the result of not allowing adequate time for documenting at the planning stage or not starting the documentation task early enough in the project lifecycle. So how does your project or process documentation stack up against the 3 C's of compliance, consistency and completeness?

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