Big things come in small packages, as they say. There are few dogs that embody this more than the Shih Tzu. Renowned for its regal appearance and affectionate, spirited demeanor, this small pup stands as a captivating embodiment of canine elegance. Originating from ancient China, this breed comes with a majestic presence and rich history as cherished companions to royalty and nobility. Admired for its luxurious coat and distinctive facial features, the Shih Tzu continues to captivate hearts in modern times with its expressive eyes and endearing expression.
Of course, there's a lot more to these dogs than just that. Whether you're trying to decide whether to adopt a Shih Tzu of your own or simply enjoy learning about different dog breeds, this guide is here to help.
Breed overview
Shih Tzus are sweet, small dogs who are often said to love life! Part of the Toy Group in breed classification, they are said to take their noble origins seriously and love to be pampered. One could say they definitely live up to their responsibility as “royal lap dog!” But don’t let their glamorous appearance fool you — Shih Tzus are quite sturdy little dogs. They love to play and will bond closely with their family.
Beyond its undeniable charm, this breed boasts a gentle and affectionate temperament, making it a beloved family pet and an ideal companion for individuals of all ages. Despite its compact size, the Shih Tzu possesses a spirited personality and a playful nature, delighting in interactive play and affectionate gestures. Known for its adaptability and ease in various living environments, this breed thrives in apartments or spacious homes alike, provided it receives ample love and attention from its devoted human companions.
Similar dog breeds
- Lhasa Apso
- Maltese
- Tibetan Terrier
- Pug
- Pekingese
10 unique facts about Shih Tzus
- The name comes from "shih-tzu kou" or "lion dog" in Chinese.
- This dog breed has hair that is more similar to a human's rather than fur typically found in canine breeds.
- Shih Tzus got the nickname “Chrysanthemum-faced Dogs” because the fur on the top and sides of their muzzle grows straight out, resembling the flower.
- They’re brachycephalic, meaning they have a shortened muzzle or “flat-face.”
- Their coat, if properly cared for and allowed to grow, is very luxurious and beautiful (but takes lots of work to maintain)!
- The Shih Tzu shares more DNA with wolves than most other breeds. The only breed group with more shared wolf DNA is the Nordic spitz group (Huskies, Samoyeds, and Malamutes).
- The breed almost went extinct in the early 1900s. All Shih Tzus around today are descendants of a group of 13 Shih Tzus and 1 Pekingese.
- After the Chinese Communist revolution in 1949, the Shih Tzu went extinct in China and the only living Shih Tzus were thought to be in Europe and America.
- Modern Shih Tzus typically live between 10 and 16 years and reach a full-gown weight of between 9 and 16 lbs. (4 to 7.25 kg).
- Contrary to popular belief, Shih Tzus are not considered a hypoallergenic dog breed.
History of the Shih Tzu breed
The Shih Tzu is an ancient breed, originating in Tibetan monasteries and often given to Chinese royalty as gifts. They — or a close ancestor — have been observed in tapestries dating back more than 2000 years! Since it was believed that Buddha rode down to earth on the back of a lion, the Shih Tzu was held in high regard.
In fact, these dogs were so cherished by many Chinese dynasties that they lived in the royal court and were kept hidden from the public eye. Shih Tzus were companion dogs and considered “warmers” for their humans, often kept in sleeves or placed on the feet of their royal human companions to help generate heat.
When she came to power in the late 1800s, Empress Tzu Hsi (Cixi) was gifted a breeding pair of Shih Tzus by the Dalai Lama. It wasn't long before she started a strict breeding program with them to create her ideal “Imperial Dog.” After the empress died, the breeding program was discontinued, and the breed almost went extinct.
A pair of Shih Tzus eventually found their way to England in 1930, with the Shih Tzu Club of England forming in 1934. The Kennel Club (UK) officially recognized the Shih Tzu as a separate breed from the Lhasa Apso in 1940.
Entry into North America
The Shih Tzu made its way to the United States when American soldiers stationed in Europe and Asia brought them home after World War II. The American Kennel Club officially recognized the Shih Tzu breed in 1969, and they have become increasingly popular as family pets and companions.
Shih Tzu behavior and training
Shih Tzus were bred as alert dogs, trained to let larger guard dogs know someone was approaching by barking. But they found their niche as the perfect lap dog for Chinese royalty. They love being companions, which makes training a joy with this fun-loving breed. They’re smart and quite athletic, even at their small size, and love to learn new things (although it can take them some time to truly “get it.”)
Does the Shih Tzu do well with others?
Shih Tzus are known for being outgoing and social. Proper proactive exposure to new sights, sounds, people, dogs, and other animals as a young puppy is essential for their socialization.
They’re known for doing well with children, due not only to their sweet nature but also their sturdiness. Make sure they’ve been properly introduced and socialized with children as a puppy to set them up for success. Young children and dogs should always be supervised, and it’s helpful for a dog to have their own “safe space” where they can go when they need some quiet time.
Shih Tzus can enjoy the companionship of other animals in the home, as long as they have been properly socialized since puppyhood and introduced.
Exercise requirements
As a small breed, Shih Tzus don’t require a high level of physical exercise to stay in shape. They do best with a short daily walk and a little play time with their human family or other dogs in the home. You might see them get the “puppy zoomies” every once in a while, which is completely normal (and pretty funny). Heavy exercise, or exercise in warmer temperatures, should be avoided to prevent health issues. Shih Tzus, like all flat-faced breeds, should always be monitored for heatstroke symptoms, which often include: heavy panting, drooling, bright red tongue or gums, rapid pulse, and wide, panicked eyes.
Mental enrichment needs
While their physical exercise needs are minimal, Shih Tzus need lots of mental enrichment to keep their minds engaged and prevent unwanted puppy behaviors (such as destructive chewing). Daily training for obedience and tricks are a great way to provide enrichment and keep their brain sharp, as well as providing puzzles or other interactive toys.
Ideal activities
Shih Tzus enjoy activities that keep them close to their human and require a little quick thinking:
- Rally Obedience
- Trick Training
- Conformation
- Canine Freestyle
- Small Dog Agility
Shih Tzu health concerns
While the Shih Tzu is generally a robust and long-lived breed, they (like all dogs) are prone to certain health concerns. One notable issue is brachycephalic syndrome, a condition common in flat-faced breeds, which can lead to breathing difficulties due to their shortened airways. This can manifest as snoring, wheezing, or even more severe respiratory distress, particularly in hot or humid weather. Additionally, their prominent eyes are susceptible to a range of ocular issues, including corneal ulcers, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), and dry eye syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca). Regular eye examinations by a veterinarian are crucial to catch and manage these conditions early.
Dental problems are another concern for the breed, as their small mouths can put them at higher risk of tooth overcrowding and be challenging to clean. Regular dental care, including brushing and professional cleanings, can help prevent issues like dental decay and gum disease. Owners should also be prepared to take their pet in for regular veterinary dental cleanings.
Shih Tzus are also prone to skin allergies, which can cause itching, redness, and hair loss. Identifying and avoiding potential allergens, such as certain foods or environmental triggers, can help manage these issues, along with appropriate veterinary treatment.
Like many dogs, Shih Tzus are also considered predisposed to orthopedic problems like hip dysplasia and luxating patella (dislocated kneecap). Maintaining a healthy weight and providing regular, low-impact exercise can help reduce the risk of these conditions, as can genetic screening of breeding stock to minimize the inheritance of predisposing factors.
Finally, like many small dog breeds, Shih Tzus can become overweight if overfed and/or under-exercised, which can exacerbate other health issues. In addition to routine veterinary checkups, a balanced diet and regular exercise regimen are essential for keeping Shih Tzus happy and healthy throughout their lives.
How to groom a Shih Tzu?
If you decide to adopt a Shih Tzu, it's crucial to know how to properly groom them. Not doing so could result in not just an unpleasant appearance, but it could result in bacteria and potentially harmful materials building up in your dog's coat and skin.
Shih Tzus have a long and dense double coat. For easy grooming care, many owners keep their Shih Tzu's coat trimmed short. When left long, a fashionable top knot is often put into place to keep the hair out of the dog's eyes and prevent irritation.
The Shih Tzu coat is high maintenance and needs consistent upkeep to prevent matting. Daily brushing, especially of the top knot and beard hair, and regular bathing is needed to keep the coat clean. Dirty coats are much more likely to tangle.
Many owners prefer to keep the coat shorter, to simplify maintenance. This is best done through regular professional grooming. Introducing your Shih Tzu puppy to positive grooming and handling while they’re young will make their lifelong grooming needs easy for everyone.
Best brush for a Shih Tzu: Pin comb, Pin brush, Slicker brush
Shih Tzus in pop culture
The breed has gained global popularity over the years and is adored for its friendly nature and glamorous appearance. Is it any wonder the dog has been spotted many times in pop culture?
Famous Owners of a Shih Tzu
- Beyonce (Singer)
- Bill and Melinda Gates (Philanthropists)
- Nicole Richie (Actress)
- Mariah Carey (Singer)
- Geri Halliwell (Singer)
- Katherine Heigl (Actress)
- Elizabeth Taylor (Actress)
- Jon Stewart (Comedian, TV Host)
- Colin Ferrell (Actor)
Shih Tzus in movies
- Daisy in The Secret Life of Pets 2
- Bonny in Seven Psychopaths
- Miss Agnes and sibling in Best in Show
