Retirement Planning: A 5-Step Guide for 2024 - NerdWallet (2024)

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Why is retirement planning important?

Planning for retirement is a way to help you maintain the same quality of life in the future. You might not want to work forever, or be able to fully rely on Social Security.

Retirement planning has five steps: knowing when to start, calculating how much money you'll need, setting priorities, choosing accounts and choosing investments. Generally, financial advisors suggest you invest more aggressively when you’re younger, then slowly dial back to a more conservative mix of investments as you approach retirement age.

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When can you retire?

When you can retire comes down to when you want to retire and when you'll have enough money saved to replace the income you receive from working.

  • The earliest you can start claiming Social Security benefits is age 62. However, by filing early, you'll sacrifice a portion of your benefits. If you were born in 1960 or later, full retirement age (which is also full Social Security benefits age) is 67. And your benefit will actually increase if you can delay it further, up until age 70.

  • Some people retire early (because they want or have to), and many retire later (again, because they want or have to). Many people find it's best to slowly ease out of the workforce rather than retire abruptly.

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5 steps for retirement planning

Retirement planning has several steps, with the end goal of having enough money to quit working and do whatever you want. Our aim with this retirement planning guide is to help you achieve that goal.

1. Know when to start retirement planning

When should you start retirement planning? That's up to you, but the earlier you start planning, the more time your money has to grow.

That said, it’s never too late to start retirement planning, so don't feel like you've missed the boat if you haven't started. Even if you haven’t so much as considered retirement, every dollar you can save now will be much appreciated later. Strategically investing could mean you won't be playing catch-up for long.

2. Figure out how much money you need to retire

The amount of money you need to retire is a function of your current income and expenses, and how you think those expenses will change in retirement, and how they won’t. For example, Washington Post columnist Michelle Singletary suggests people set a retirement budget, because you’ll probably still want to take vacations, go out to dinner, and you may still have car or home maintenance costs. The typical advice is to replace 70% to 90% of your annual pre-retirement income through savings and Social Security.

  • For example, a retiree who earns an average of $63,000 per year before retirement should expect to need $44,000 to $57,000 per year in retirement.

» Go deeper: Use our free retirement calculator

3. Prioritize your financial goals

Retirement is probably not your only savings goal. Lots of people have financial goals they feel are more pressing, such as paying down credit card or student loan debt or building up an emergency fund.

It's a good rule if thumb to save for retirement while you're building your emergency fund — especially if you have an employer retirement plan that matches any portion of your contributions.

» Check out our guide to help you juggle multiple financial goals

4. Choose the best retirement plan for you

A cornerstone of retirement planning is determining not only how much to save, but also where to save it.

  • If you have a 401(k) or other employer retirement plan with matching dollars, consider starting there.

  • If you don’t have a workplace retirement plan, you can open your own retirement account.

There is no single best retirement plan, but there is likely a best retirement plan — or combination of retirement accounts — for you. In general, the best plans provide tax advantages, and, if available, an additional savings incentive, such as matching contributions. That's why, in many cases, a 401(k) with an employer match is the best place to start for many people.

Some workers are missing out on that free money. Section 101 of the Secure 2.0 Act noted that Black, Latinx and lower-wage employees were less likely to participate in their work's retirement plan compared with their colleagues. A new provision in the law establishes automatic enrollment in retirement plans to help increase participation for all employees.

If you don't have access to a workplace plan (or the one you're offered doesn't come with a match), or you’re already contributing to a 401(k) and you’re looking for the best options for additional retirement savings, you may want to consider an IRA. This is a plan you open yourself at an online broker or other account provider. An IRA is hardly a consolation prize.

Here are seven types of retirement plans that might work for you. Click the links to read more about how each one works.

  • 401(k)

  • Roth IRA

  • Traditional IRA

  • Self-directed IRA

  • Simple IRA

  • SEP IRA

  • Solo 401(k)

» Go deeper: Read more about how to choose a retirement account

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5. Select your retirement investments

Retirement accounts provide access to a range of investments, including stocks, bonds and mutual funds. Determining the right mix of investments depends on how long you have until you need the money and how comfortable you are with risk.

  • Generally, the idea is to invest aggressively when you’re young, and then slowly dial back to a more conservative mix of investments as you approach retirement age. That’s because early on you have a lot of time for your money to weather market fluctuations — a few bad years won’t ruin you, and your nest egg should benefit greatly from the stock market’s history of long-term growth. Investing for retirement evolves alongside you as you change jobs, add to your family tree, endure stock market ups and downs and get closer to your retirement due date.

  • Your investments don't necessarily require constant babysitting. If you want to manage your retirement savings on your own, you can do it with just a handful of low-cost mutual funds. Those who prefer professional guidance can hire a financial advisor.

» Next step: Read our guide to investing for retirement

Retirement Planning: A 5-Step Guide for 2024 - NerdWallet (2024)

FAQs

Retirement Planning: A 5-Step Guide for 2024 - NerdWallet? ›

Under the Rule of 95 members can retire when their age plus their years of service equal 95, provided that they are at least 62 years old. For example, a member who is 62 years old could retire with 33 years of service rather than waiting until their schedule based eligibility date (62 + 33 = 95).

What is the 95% rule retirement? ›

Under the Rule of 95 members can retire when their age plus their years of service equal 95, provided that they are at least 62 years old. For example, a member who is 62 years old could retire with 33 years of service rather than waiting until their schedule based eligibility date (62 + 33 = 95).

What is the 7% rule for retirement? ›

The 7 Percent Rule is a foundational guideline for retirees, suggesting that they should only withdraw upto 7% of their initial retirement savings every year to cover living expenses. This strategy is often associated with the “4% Rule,” which suggests a 4% withdrawal rate.

What is the 33x rule for retirement? ›

For example, if you plan on 3% SWR, your nest egg will need to be 33x your annual expenses to retire. But you're much less likely to deplete your portfolio than 4%. Your time to retirement, then, is how long it will take for you to build your nest egg to sufficient size.

What is the 25 times rule for retirement? ›

If you want to be sure you're saving enough for retirement, the 25x rule can help. This rule of thumb says investors should have saved 25 times their planned annual expenses by the time they retire, according to brokerage Charles Schwab.

What is the 80 20 retirement rule? ›

​​Better investment choices: According to the Pareto Investment Principle, 80% of investment returns can be expected from 20% of investments. Concentrating your investment decisions on the 20% of investments that are likely to generate the biggest returns may help you grow your savings faster.

Why the 4% rule no longer works for retirees? ›

The 4% rule comes with a major caveat: It's not really a “rule” since everyone's situation is different. If you have a large retirement investment portfolio, you might not need to spend 4% of it every year. If you have limited savings, 4% might not come close to covering your needs.

Can I retire at 62 with $400,000 in 401k? ›

If you have $400,000 in the bank you can retire early at age 62, but it will be tight. The good news is that if you can keep working for just five more years, you are on track for a potentially quite comfortable retirement by full retirement age.

How many people have $1,000,000 in retirement savings? ›

However, not a huge percentage of retirees end up having that much money. In fact, statistically, around 10% of retirees have $1 million or more in savings. The majority of retirees, however, have far less saved.

How long will $400,000 last in retirement? ›

Safe Withdrawal Rate

Using our portfolio of $400,000 and the 4% withdrawal rate, you could withdraw $16,000 annually from your retirement accounts and expect your money to last for at least 30 years. If, say, your Social Security checks are $2,000 monthly, you'd have a combined annual income in retirement of $40,000.

Can I retire at 60 with 300k? ›

Yes, you can.

Let's say, for example, you have £300k in a pension after taking your tax-free cash, you have no outstanding debts or mortgage to pay off, and you're entitled to the full state pension at age 67 (or 68 from 2044). For this example, let's say you take £1,500 from your pension per month.

Can I retire at 70 with $300 K? ›

If you've managed to save $300k successfully, there's a good chance you'll be able to retire comfortably, though you will have to make some compromises and consider your plans carefully if you want to make that your final figure.

How much does Dave Ramsey say to save for retirement? ›

When it comes to saving for retirement, money expert Dave Ramsey knows exactly how much you should be setting aside. Ramsey's recommendation, which he shared on his website Ramsey Solutions, is to invest 15% of your gross income into your 401(k) and IRA every month.

What is the 1000 hour rule for retirement? ›

For decades, tax-qualified retirement plans could exclude employees who work fewer than 1,000 hours of service per year, even if the employee worked for the employer for many years. Employees who worked over 1,000 hours generally could not be excluded from the plan (with certain non-hours-based exceptions).

Does retirement double every 7 years? ›

The most basic example of the Rule of 72 is one we can do without a calculator: Given a 10% annual rate of return, how long will it take for your money to double? Take 72 and divide it by 10 and you get 7.2. This means, at a 10% fixed annual rate of return, your money doubles every 7 years.

How to retire early with no money? ›

Low-income people may retire by cutting their expenses, downsizing their homes, taking Social Security benefits early, and/or applying for financial assistance through government benefit programs.

How much can I withdraw without touching the principal? ›

Key Takeaways. The 4% rule says people should withdraw 4% of their retirement funds in the first year after retiring and take that dollar amount, adjusted for inflation, every year after. The rule seeks to establish a steady and safe income stream that will meet a retiree's current and future financial needs.

What is the maximum safe withdrawal rate in retirement? ›

The sustainable withdrawal rate is the estimated percentage of savings you're able to withdraw each year throughout retirement without running out of money. As an estimate, aim to withdraw no more than 4% to 5% of your savings in the first year of retirement, then adjust that amount every year for inflation.

What is the 4 rule for retirees? ›

The 4% rule is a popular retirement withdrawal strategy that suggests retirees can safely withdraw the amount equal to 4% of their savings during the year they retire and then adjust for inflation each subsequent year for 30 years.

What is the 120 rule for retirement? ›

The 120-age investment rule states that a healthy investing approach means subtracting your age from 120 and using the result as the percentage of your investment dollars in stocks and other equity investments.

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