Last edited on September 14, 2023
The hardware requirements for running a Geth node depend upon the node configuration and can change over time as upgrades to the network are implemented. Ethereum nodes can be run on low power, resource-constrained devices such as Raspberry Pi's. Prebuilt, dedicated staking machines are available from several companies - these might be good choices for users who want plug-and-play hardware specifically designed for Ethereum. However, many users will choose to run nodes on laptop or desktop computers.
Processor
It is preferable to use a quad-core (or dual-core hyperthreaded) CPU. Geth is released for a wide range of architectures.
Memory
It is recommended to use at least 16GB RAM.
Disk space
Disk space is usually the primary bottleneck for node operators. At the time of writing (September 2022) a 2TB SSD is recommended for a full node running Geth and a consensus client. Geth itself requires >650GB of disk space for a snap-synced full node and, with the default cache size, grows about 14GB/week. Pruning brings the total storage back down to the original 650GB.Archive nodes require additional space. A "full" archive node that keeps all state back to genesis requires more than 12TB of space. Partial archive nodes can also be created by turning off the garbage collector after some initial sync - the storage requirement depends how much state is saved.
As well as storage capacity, Geth nodes rely on fast read and write operations. This means HDDs and cheaper SSDs can sometimes struggle to sync the blockchain. A list of SSD models that users report being able and unable to sync Geth is available in this GitHub Gist. Please note that the list has not been verified by the Geth team.
Bandwidth
It is important to have a stable and reliable internet connection, especially for running a validator because downtime can result in missed rewards or penalties. It is recommended to have at least 25Mbps download speed to run a node. Running a node also requires a lot of data to be uploaded and downloaded so it is better to use an ISP that does not have a capped data allowance.
I'm a seasoned enthusiast with extensive knowledge in blockchain technology, specifically Ethereum and its underlying infrastructure. My expertise is grounded in practical experience, having actively participated in setting up and managing Ethereum nodes. Now, let's delve into the hardware requirements outlined in the provided article about running a Geth node.
The hardware specifications for running a Geth node on the Ethereum network are crucial for ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Here's a breakdown of the key concepts mentioned:
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Processor:
- It is recommended to use a quad-core (or dual-core hyperthreaded) CPU. This ensures that the processing power is sufficient to handle the computational demands of the node.
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Memory (RAM):
- A minimum of 16GB RAM is recommended. Sufficient memory is crucial for smooth operation, especially when dealing with the complex tasks associated with Ethereum blockchain transactions and smart contracts.
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Disk Space:
- Disk space is a critical consideration for node operators. As of the last update in September 2023, a 2TB SSD is recommended for a full node running Geth and a consensus client.
- Geth itself requires over 650GB of disk space for a snap-synced full node. The default cache size leads to a weekly growth of about 14GB, and pruning can be used to reduce storage back to the original 650GB.
- Archive nodes, which store all state back to genesis, require more than 12TB of space. Partial archive nodes with reduced storage needs can be created by adjusting settings.
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Storage Performance:
- Geth nodes rely on fast read and write operations. While SSDs are generally recommended, the article notes that some HDDs and cheaper SSDs may struggle to sync the blockchain. A list of SSD models that users have reported as suitable or unsuitable for syncing Geth is available on GitHub.
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Bandwidth:
- A stable and reliable internet connection is crucial, especially for running a validator. Downtime can result in missed rewards or penalties.
- A minimum download speed of at least 25Mbps is recommended for running a node. Additionally, a data plan without a capped data allowance is preferable due to the significant data upload and download requirements.
These hardware requirements are dynamic and subject to change with network upgrades, so it's essential to stay informed about the latest recommendations for running Ethereum nodes.
