Last Updated : 24 Jan, 2023
In present day scenario security of the system is the sole priority of any organisation. The main aim of any organisation is to protect their data from attackers. In cryptography, attacks are of two types such as Passive attacks and Active attacks.
Passive attacks are those that retrieve information from the system without affecting the system resources while active attacks are those that retrieve system information and make changes to the system resources and their operations.
Figure : 1.1
In figure 1.1 it made the text secure by forming it into cipher text using encryption algorithm and further decryption to use it.
The Principles of Security can be classified as follows:
- Confidentiality:
The degree of confidentiality determines the secrecy of the information. The principle specifies that only the sender and receiver will be able to access the information shared between them. Confidentiality compromises if an unauthorized person is able to access a message.For example, let us consider sender A wants to share some confidential information with receiver B and the information gets intercepted by the attacker C. Now the confidential information is in the hands of an intruder C.
- Authentication:
Authentication is the mechanism to identify the user or system or the entity. It ensures the identity of the person trying to access the information. The authentication is mostly secured by using username and password. The authorized person whose identity is preregistered can prove his/her identity and can access the sensitive information. - Integrity:
Integrity gives the assurance that the information received is exact and accurate. If the content of the message is changed after the sender sends it but before reaching the intended receiver, then it is said that the integrity of the message is lost.
- System Integrity: System Integrity assures that a system performs its intended function in an unimpaired manner, free from deliberate or inadvertent unauthorized manipulation of the system.
- Data Integrity: Data Integrity assures that information (both stored and in transmitted packets) and programs are changed only in a specified and authorized manner.
4. Non-Repudiation:
Non-repudiation is a mechanism that prevents the denial of the message content sent through a network. In some cases the sender sends the message and later denies it. But the non-repudiation does not allow the sender to refuse the receiver.
5. Access control:
The principle of access control is determined by role management and rule management. Role management determines who should access the data while rule management determines up to what extent one can access the data. The information displayed is dependent on the person who is accessing it.
6. Availability:
The principle of availability states that the resources will be available to authorize party at all times. Information will not be useful if it is not available to be accessed. Systems should have sufficient availability of information to satisfy the user request.
7. Issues of ethics and law
The following categories are used to categorize ethical dilemmas in the security system.
Individuals’ right to access personal information is referred to as privacy.
Property: It is concerned with the information’s owner.
Accessibility is concerned with an organization’s right to collect information.
Accuracy: It is concerned with the obligation of information authenticity, fidelity, and accuracy.
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FAQs
Cryptography is used to protect the private information shared between two communicating parties from a third party. Confidentiality, Data Integrity, Authentication, and Non-Repudiation are the main principles of cryptography. Network security is the actions taken or procedures followed to protect the computer network.
What are the 5 pillars of cryptography? ›
What are the 5 pillars of cryptography? The five pillars of cryptography are confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, non-repudiation, and availability, ensuring secure communication and data protection.
What are the fundamental principles of cryptography? ›
It is noteworthy that in the area of information security, the main pillars that a cipher and a cryptosystem must provide are: Confidentiality: To make data/information secret and private,. Integrity: To make data/information whole and complete. Authenticity: To validate and prove the ownership of data/information.
What are the 5 basic principles of security and their meaning? ›
The U.S. Department of Defense has promulgated the Five Pillars of Information Assurance model that includes the protection of confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity, and non-repudiation of user data.
What are the 4 principles of security? ›
There are four basic security principles: access, authentication, authorization, and accounting. Use physical and software controls to protect your hardware or data from intrusion. For hardware, access limits usually mean physical access limits. For software, access limits usually mean both physical and virtual means.
What are the 3 aspects of security in cryptography? ›
The three letters in "CIA triad" stand for Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. The CIA triad is a common model that forms the basis for the development of security systems.
What are the two main types of cryptography? ›
Types Of Cryptography
- Symmetric Key Cryptography. It is an encryption system where the sender and receiver of a message use a single common key to encrypt and decrypt messages. ...
- Hash Functions. There is no usage of any key in this algorithm. ...
- Asymmetric Key Cryptography.
Cryptography and its Types
There are three main types of cryptography: symmetric key encryption, asymmetric key encryption, and public-key encryption. Symmetric key encryption: This type of encryption uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt messages.
What are the three types of cryptography? ›
There are three types of cryptography:
- Symmetric key cryptography.
- Asymmetric key cryptography.
- Hash Function.
Cryptography attacks are malicious attempts to compromise the security of cryptographic systems, aiming to exploit vulnerabilities and gain unauthorised access to sensitive information. These attacks pose a significant threat to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of encrypted data.
The CIA Triad is a security model that provides a framework for understanding the three fundamental components of information security: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. These three components are known as the “CIA Triad.”
What are the 7 P's of information security? ›
We outline the anatomy of the AMBI-CYBER architecture adopting a balanced scorecard, multistage approach under a 7Ps stage gate model (Patient, Persistent, Persevering, Proactive, Predictive, Preventive, and Preemptive).
What are the 5 A's of security? ›
This comprehensive guide to cloud identity management reveals the significance of the five A's: Authentication, Authorization, Account Management, Audit Logging, and Accountability.
What are the pillars of network security? ›
Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability, often referred to as the CIA triad (has nothing to do with the Central Intelligence Agency!), are basic but foundational principles to maintaining robust security in a given environment.
What is cryptography and principles of cryptography? ›
In layman's terms, cryptography is the encryption and decryption of a written or text message between two parties. The practice relies on ciphers — a set of algorithms — to perform functions such as scrambling, descrambling, signing and hashing.
What is the key concept of network security? ›
Network security is the process of protecting networks against potential threats. It includes software and hardware designed to detect and block malicious agents. Securing networks also extends to access control, network organization, and security policies.
