This article describes how to use the Azure portal to configure end-to-end Transport Layer Security (TLS) encryption, previously known as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption, through Azure Application Gateway v1 SKU.
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Before you begin
To configure end-to-end TLS with an application gateway, you need a certificate for the gateway. Certificates are also required for the backend servers. The gateway certificate is used to derive a symmetric key in compliance with the TLS protocol specification. The symmetric key is then used to encrypt and decrypt the traffic sent to the gateway.
For end-to-end TLS encryption, the right backend servers must be allowed in the application gateway. To allow this access, upload the public certificate of the backend servers, also known as Authentication Certificates (v1) or Trusted Root Certificates (v2), to the application gateway. Adding the certificate ensures that the application gateway communicates only with known backend instances. This configuration further secures end-to-end communication.
Important
If you receive an error message for the backend server certificate, verify that the frontend certificate Common Name (CN) matches the backend certificate CN. For more information, see Trusted root certificate mismatch
Create a new application gateway with end-to-end TLS
To create a new application gateway with end-to-end TLS encryption, you'll need to first enable TLS termination while creating a new application gateway. This action enables TLS encryption for communication between the client and application gateway. Then, you'll need to put on the Safe Recipients list the certificates for the backend servers in the HTTP settings. This configuration enables TLS encryption for communication between the application gateway and the backend servers. That accomplishes end-to-end TLS encryption.
Add authentication/root certificates of backend servers
Select All resources, and then select myAppGateway.
Select HTTP settings from the left-side menu. Azure automatically created a default HTTP setting, appGatewayBackendHttpSettings, when you created the application gateway.
Select appGatewayBackendHttpSettings.
Under Protocol, select HTTPS. A pane for Backend authentication certificates or Trusted root certificates appears.
Select Create new.
In the Name field, enter a suitable name.
Select the certificate file in the Upload CER certificate box.
For Standard and WAF (v1) application gateways, you should upload the public key of your backend server certificate in .cer format.
For Standard_v2 and WAF_v2 application gateways, you should upload the root certificate of the backend server certificate in .cer format. If the backend certificate is issued by a well-known certificate authority (CA), you can select the Use Well Known CA Certificate check box, and then you don't have to upload a certificate.
Select Save.
Enable end-to-end TLS for an existing application gateway
To configure an existing application gateway with end-to-end TLS encryption, you must first enable TLS termination in the listener. This action enables TLS encryption for communication between the client and the application gateway. Then, put those certificates for backend servers in the HTTP settings on the Safe Recipients list. This configuration enables TLS encryption for communication between the application gateway and the backend servers. That accomplishes end-to-end TLS encryption.
You'll need to use a listener with the HTTPS protocol and a certificate for enabling TLS termination. You can either use an existing listener that meets those conditions or create a new listener. If you choose the former option, you can ignore the following "Enable TLS termination in an existing application gateway" section and move directly to the "Add authentication/trusted root certificates for backend servers" section.
If you choose the latter option, apply the steps in the following procedure.
Enable TLS termination in an existing application gateway
Select All resources, and then select myAppGateway.
Select Listeners from the left-side menu.
Select either Basic or Multi-site listener depending on your requirements.
Under Protocol, select HTTPS. A pane for Certificate appears.
Upload the PFX certificate you intend to use for TLS termination between the client and the application gateway.
Note
For testing purposes, you can use a self-signed certificate. However, this is not advised for production workloads, because they're harder to manage and aren't completely secure. For more info, see create a self-signed certificate.
Add other required settings for the Listener, depending on your requirements.
Select OK to save.
Add authentication/trusted root certificates of backend servers
Select All resources, and then select myAppGateway.
Select HTTP settings from the left-side menu. You can either put certificates in an existing backend HTTP setting on the Safe Recipients list or create a new HTTP setting. (In the next step, the certificate for the default HTTP setting, appGatewayBackendHttpSettings, is added to the Safe Recipients list.)
Select appGatewayBackendHttpSettings.
Under Protocol, select HTTPS. A pane for Backend authentication certificates or Trusted root certificates appears.
Select Create new.
In the Name field, enter a suitable name.
Select the certificate file in the Upload CER certificate box.
For Standard and WAF (v1) application gateways, you should upload the public key of your backend server certificate in .cer format.
For Standard_v2 and WAF_v2 application gateways, you should upload the root certificate of the backend server certificate in .cer format. If the backend certificate is issued by a well-known CA, you can select the Use Well Known CA Certificate check box, and then you don't have to upload a certificate.
Navigate to your storage account in the Azure portal. Under Settings, select Configuration.Under Minimum TLS version, use the drop-down to select the minimum version of TLS required to access data in this storage account.
Navigate to your storage account in the Azure portal. Under Settings, select Configuration.Under Minimum TLS version, use the drop-down to select the minimum version of TLS required to access data in this storage account.
The TLS policy includes control of the TLS protocol version as well as the cipher suites and the order in which ciphers are used during a TLS handshake. Application Gateway offers two mechanisms for controlling TLS policy. You can use either a predefined policy or a custom policy.
04 In the navigation panel, under Settings, select TLS/SSL settings to access the Transport Layer Security (TLS)/Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) configuration settings available for the selected app.
In the Azure portal, from the left menu, select App Services > <app-name>. From your app's navigation menu, select TLS/SSL settings > Private Key Certificates (. pfx) > Import App Service Certificate. Select the certificate that you just purchased, and then select OK.
Azure Application Gateway is a web traffic load balancer that enables you to manage traffic to your web applications. Traditional load balancers operate at the transport layer (OSI layer 4 - TCP and UDP) and route traffic based on source IP address and port, to a destination IP address and port.
You can configure the application gateway to have a public IP address, a private IP address, or both. A public IP is required when you host a back end that clients must access over the Internet via an Internet-facing virtual IP (VIP). For more information, see Application Gateway frontend IP address configuration.
What is the difference between Azure Front Door and Azure Application Gateway? While both Front Door and Application Gateway are layer 7 (HTTP/HTTPS) load balancers, the primary difference is that Front Door is a nonregional service whereas Application Gateway is a regional service.
In the Windows menu search box, type Internet options. Under Best match, click Internet Options. In the Internet Properties window, on the Advanced tab, scroll down to the Security section. Check the User TLS 1.2 checkbox.
Navigate to the Azure Firewall Premium Policy you want to enable TLS inspection. From the left menu pane, Select - TLS Inspection - and click on the Enabled option.
Execute the command: # for proto in 1 1_1 1_2 1_3; do openssl s_client -connect example.com:443 "-tls${proto}" 2>/dev/null < <(sleep 1; echo q) | grep Protocol | uniq; done. Note: replace the example.com with the name of the required domain. The output will be as shown below:
A minimum TLS version can be easily set using the Azure portal, but we should test application compatibility before enabling it in production: Log in to the Azure portal: https://portal.azure.com.Select a minimum TLS version and click on Save to apply.
To renew a listener certificate from the portal, navigate to your application gateway listeners. Select the listener that has a certificate that needs to be renewed, and then select Renew or edit selected certificate. Upload your new PFX certificate, give it a name, type the password, and then select Save.
Secure Socket Layer (SSL) connections can be terminated at the load balancer or API Gateway level. These options are described as follows: SSL connection is terminated at load balancer: The SSL certificate and associated private key are deployed on the load balancer, and not on the API Gateway.
Azure API Management is a hybrid, multi-cloud management platform for APIs across all environments. API Management creates consistent, modern API gateways for existing backend services.
Azure Front Door WAF and Azure App Gateway WAF are very similar in functionality, one of the main differences is where the WAF is applied. Azure Front Door applies the WAF filters at edge locations, way before it gets to the datacenter.App Gateway applies the filter when it enters your VNET via the App Gateway.
Microsoft Azure Application Gateway Cons. The graphical interface needs improvement because it is not user friendly. It takes a lot of time for a certificate to update in the system. That is a huge drawback, affecting the load-balancing side.
You need at least 20 IP addresses for this subnet: five for internal use and 15 for the application gateway instances. Consider a subnet that has 27 application gateway instances and an IP address for a private frontend IP.
When you create an application gateway using the Azure portal, you create a default rule (rule1). This rule binds the default listener (appGatewayHttpListener) with the default backend pool (appGatewayBackendPool) and the default backend HTTP settings (appGatewayBackendHttpSettings).
Azure Application Gateway is a helpful tool for web traffic managers, and it works similar to AWS Application Gateway wherein we can make routing decisions based on URI or host headers.
The two gateway types are: Vpn - To send encrypted traffic across the public Internet, you use the gateway type 'Vpn'. This type of gateway is also referred to as a VPN gateway. Site-to-Site, Point-to-Site, and VNet-to-VNet connections all use a VPN gateway.
While VPN gateways operate on the network (OSI layer 3 primarily), load balancers operate on the transport layer (OSI layer 4) by using the IP address to route traffic, and application gateways operate on the application layer (OSI layer 7).
In the Azure portal, go to your SQL server resource. Under the Security settings, select Networking and then choose the Connectivity tab. Select the Minimum TLS Version desired for all databases associated with the server, and select Save. It's possible to change the minimum TLS version by using Azure PowerShell.
Introduction: My name is Kelle Weber, I am a magnificent, enchanting, fair, joyous, light, determined, joyous person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.
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