CONTENTS
| |
DEAL WITH AN EXPERT
First and foremost, if you don’t have expert level knowledge about coins, make sure that you deal with a trustworthy expert. Even if a buyer has good intentions and is trying to be honest and fair, without specialized knowledge and experience they may not recognize the full value of some of the items you are selling. Every coin is worth the greater of its collector value or its precious metal value. While many coins are appropriately considered “junk silver” and bought for their silver value, some coins can be rare keys dates worth much more, and small varieties can increase a coin’s value many times over. A numismatic expert should be able to quickly identify and separate items worth only their precious metal value from those with greater collector value. Travelling buyers and “cash for gold” venues may be happy to buy your coins, but it is unlikely they will identify and pay fairly for the most valuable rarities that may be mixed with other common items. Canadian Coin & Currency is widely regarded as Canada’s leading coin dealer with expertise in Canadian, United States and world coins and paper money, and we can ensure that each item is properly identified and valued.
BACK TO TOP
DEALING LOCAL OR WITH A NATIONAL COIN DEALER
If you have a modest collection and you have an established relationship with a local coin dealer you know and trust, this may be your best option for selling. However, if you think you may have a valuable collection or if there is not a local dealer close to you, you will probably do better dealing with a company with a broader reach. For example, Canadian Coin & Currency has a national and international customer base buying coins online and on television (through the Shopping Channel) in addition to in our retail showroom and store in metro Toronto. With this wide reach, we have a constant need for new inventory, and we are usually able to pay more for collector coins and banknotes than local dealers. From anywhere in Canada or elsewhere in the world, Canadian Coin & Currency makes it easy to send your collection in for valuation without obligation.
BACK TO TOP
MAKING SENSE OF INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET
The internet is full of information about old coins and banknotes. So how useful is this information in understanding values? In my experience, there is a lot of useful information available if you already have a substantial knowledge of attributions, grading and varieties. However, without this background unrealistic expectations and disappointment are likely to follow. Coin dealers and auction houses regularly feature the rarest items in the highest grades. The differences between similar common and rare items can be extreme. For example, a 1920 half dollar in average condition may we worth less than $10, while a similar 1921 coin can be worth more than $50,000. The most common variety of 1954 $20 bill in average condition may be worth just $21, while a high grade 1954 $20 note which is both a “devil’s face” variety and “replacement note” can be worth more than $20,000. An experienced numismatic expert should be able to easily separate the common from the rare and identify old coins and paper money that have extra value based on condition or varieties.
BACK TO TOP
USING COIN CATALOGUES TO VALUE COINS & BANKNOTES
So, what about coin catalogues? If you have a reasonable knowledge of grading, there are several good catalogues that usually list full retail values for collector coins and banknotes. There is also an inexpensive book showing typical dealer buying prices. Here is a list of the most commonly used references for Canadian, US and World coins and banknotes:
For typical dealer buying prices for Canadian Coins and Paper Money: Charlton Coin Guide
For historic Canadian coins: Charlton Standard Catalogue: Canadian Coins, Volume 1
For Royal Canadian Mint collector coins: Charlton Catalogue: Canadian Collector Coins Volume 2
For Canadian government issue banknotes: Charlton Standard Catalogue: Canadian Government Paper Money
For Canadian chartered banknotes: Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Bank Notes
For Canadian colonial tokens: Charlton Standard Catalogue: Canadian Colonial Tokens
For US coins: Whitman Red Book: A Guide Book of United States Coins
For world coins: Krause Standard Catalog of World Coins (Multiple large volumes: 1600-1700; 1701-1800; 1801-1900; 1901-2000; 2001-Date)
For world banknotes: Krause Standard Catalog of World Paper Money (two large volumes: 1368-1960; 1961-present)
Of these books, the only one that shows typical dealer buying prices is the Charlton Coin Guide. The main shortcoming of this book is that it provides limited information about grades and relative values based on the condition of your coins and paper money. It is also a snapshot in time when the book was printed. Precious metal prices and market demand may be higher or lower at the time you are considering selling. While a useful guide, your coins could be worth much more or less than the prices in this catalogue. A numismatic expert can provide current values based on your exact coins and banknotes at the time you are considering selling.
The other books listed show “full replacement value”, somewhat like an insurance appraisal. Retail prices will also include the cost of “certifying” more valuable items through a grading service such as PCGS. Most dealers will sell coins at 10% to 40% below the listed catalogue retail values. Typical buying prices which cover a dealer’s overhead and a fair business profit will be 40% to 85% of their actual selling price. Buying prices will vary based on a dealer’s stock and the average length of time it takes for a coin to sell. Scarce and popular issues (such as a Canadian 1948 silver dollar) will command a buy price very close to the retail value, while slow selling common items will usually be at a lower percentage. You should also be aware that for items with a catalogue retail value below a couple of dollars, most of the listed catalogue price reflects a dealer’s cost to package, grade and sell a coin in a retail store.If you are actively collecting coins, I highly recommend owning all the books relevant to your collecting interests, as they often include detailed information which will enhance your collecting experience.
If you are not actively collecting and are looking to sell your collection, a reputable dealer should have all the above references readily available without you needing to purchase anything. These references can be used to check any item that requires research and can be used to ensure your comfort level that you are receiving fair purchase prices. Canadian Coin & Currency maintains a comprehensive library of all important Canadian and world coin and banknote reference books which are used by our staff and are readily available for our clients to view in store.
BACK TO TOP
USING THIRD PARTY CERTIFICATION SERVICES (SUCH AS PCGS OR PMG)
I am often asked by collectors whether they should have their coins or banknotes third party certified before selling. Most coins and banknotes valued above a few hundred dollars are in fact sold by dealers in sealed tamper-proof third-party certification holders. The most widely recognized and accepted of these services for coins is PCGS, or Professional Coin Grading Service. Coins may be submitted to PCGS for certification by collectors (with a membership enrolment) or through an authorized dealer such as Canadian Coin & Currency. The cost for PCGS coin certification is substantial but can be worthwhile in the right circ*mstances.
PCGS Fee Schedule for Canadian and other world coins:
Coins valued above $2500: $65 USD each
Coins valued from $300 to $2500: “Standard Service” $35 USD each
Coins valued under $300: “Economy Service” $22 USD each (typically 60-120 days)
Tokens and “Special Issues”: $65 USD each
Additional costs will be incurred for shipping to California (usually by Fedex with insurance), and for the return shipment, and likely for customs brokerage.
When selling a high-end collection of historic coins valued above $1000 each, having the coins certified in advance of selling can make sense. This is particularly the case when the exact grade substantially impacts the value, as opposed to large gold coins which are often valued mostly on their precious metal content. Rather than incurring a huge expense sending in many coins for certification, Canadian Coin & Currency can help identify if your coins are worth certifying and can even look after submitting the coins for you where appropriate. If the collection is not of high-grade rarities, it is usually not useful or economically sensible to send the coins for certification.
ICCS (International Coin Certification Service) based in Toronto is also a reputable Canadian third-party grading service, and Canadian Coin & Currency is an authorized dealer submitting coins to ICCS. While ICCS has been in business since 1986 and is generally well respected, many collectors prefer the international reputation and premium holders of the US based PCGS.
Submission of paper money to PMG is very similar to sending coins to PCGS for certification.
PMG Rate Schedule for Canadian and other world banknotes
Notes valued up to $25,000: $200 USD each
Notes valued up to $10,000: $90 USD each
Notes valued up to $3,000: $50 USD each
Notes valued up to $1000: $30 USD each
Additional costs will be incurred for shipping to Florida (usually by Fedex with insurance), and for the return shipment, and likely for customs brokerage.
BACK TO TOP
AUTHENTICATING COINS
Another issue of this day and age is authenticating coins. While the certification services do this in addition to grading, a dealer with experience and expertise will be able to quickly authenticate most of your coins. In addition to looking carefully at a coin with a trained eye and knowledge of what the genuine item should look like, there are several tools that are utilized by the most professional coin shops. Coins can be weighed on a high precision scale and compared with the known proper weight. A caliper can be used to measure the diameter of a coin and again compared with the known proper diameter. Surface details can be examined under high magnification and compared to known genuine coins. And an XRF machine can be used to test the metal content of the coin in a completely non-destructive way. While good quality XRF machines cost about $80,000, they can quickly verify if a coin has the right metal content without using traditional metal testing acids which will damage the item being tested. With knowledge and the appropriate tools, a professional dealer can easily confirm authenticity and offer competitive purchase prices. At Canadian Coin & Currency, we explain and show our clients the process for authentication as we evaluate each collection.
BACK TO TOP
WHAT ABOUT SELLING COINS ON eBAY OR OTHER ONLINE SALES VENUES?
If you have significant knowledge and time, this can sometimes be a reasonable option. But before you embark on this, make sure you really understand what is involved. Fees charged by eBay and PayPal plus shipping charges may result in a lower net return than selling to a reputable dealer. You will also need to deal with the risk of fraudulent buyers who may claim they never received the item. And just as a brand name car dealership may sell a used vehicle with their warranty at a higher price than an individual seller, a well-established and trusted dealer who guarantees the authenticity and condition of their coins will also often be able to obtain a higher selling price than a private seller. In most cases selling to a reputable dealer will net you about the same amount of money for your collection without the risk and expenditure of time.
BACK TO TOP
SELLING THROUGH AN AUCTION COMPANY
Live coin auctions are another option for some collector coins. If you have extreme rarities, you are in no hurry, and you are not risk adverse, this can sometimes net you the best result for your collector coins. Through several decades in this business, my experience has been that coin auctions typically net to the seller wholesale values similar to the prices paid by a reputable dealer. The big difference is that there is usually a seller’s fee (5% to 15%) and a buyer’s commission (around 20%) on top of the “hammer price”. Auction companies usually show the total paid by the end buyer as the “price realized”. It is important to remember that the consigner will usually end up with only around 65% to 80% of this amount. If you are working with an expert numismatic dealer when selling your collection, they can assist you to identify if there are any items which will be best dealt with by auction.
BACK TO TOP
CLEANING COINS
Over several decades in this business, I have seen many collections of coins that would have been extremely valuable if the seller had not cleaned the coins before bringing them in for evaluation. For every coin that may be slightly enhanced by professional removal of dirt or excessive oxidation, there are at least 1,000 coins that are devalued, usually to an extreme extent. In many cases, a natural patina on a silver coin will actually increase the coin’s value. If you are thinking about cleaning your coins, the simple answer is don’t do it. You won’t end up getting more for your collection, and you will most likely decrease its value.
BACK TO TOP
APPRAISALS FOR A COIN COLLECTION
At Canadian Coin & Currency we are often asked to provide appraisals for collections, and this is one of the services that we are happy to provide. However, in many cases a formal appraisal is not really needed. The most important question is what is the purpose of the appraisal? If you are keeping a collection and want to obtain insurance coverage for it, a written insurance appraisal is appropriate. This will usually provide “full retail replacement value” for all the items in the collection. Much like a jewellery appraisal, this valuation will be based on the highest retail prices at which it would be extremely easy to replace a loss with a comparable item. A prudent collector could usually buy coins for less than this amount. A similar valuation can also be made at real typical retail prices available to collectors, which is usually in line with a current collector’s actual cost for the collection. In order to be useful for its intended purpose, insurance appraisals should be completed by an expert at a well-established coin company, and the basis of valuation should be clearly stated. Costs for doing formal appraisals usually range from $75 to $125 per hour, and the total will depend on the quantity of items in the collection and the amount of detail requested.
Frequently “appraisals” are requested by someone actually looking to evaluate and then sell a collection. This is really a “net sale value” appraisal or valuation. If you do not require a written formal appraisal, this type of valuation is often available free of charge, at least for a modest sized collection or part of a collection. Most professional coin dealers are happy to provide their purchase offer price, which should be equal to a fair net sale value. If you want a formal written “net sale value” appraisal, there may be some options. At Canadian Coin & Currency, we are happy to provide without charge a verbal evaluation based on the price we would pay for your collection. We can also provide a formal written “selling value appraisal” at a cost of $75 per hour. This valuation will be equal to our purchase offer price. If the seller decides to sell the collection to us within 30 days, the full cost of the appraisal is refunded.
BACK TO TOP
DEALING WITH ESTATES, LAWYERS AND BANKS
Although I now work full time in the coin business, I am also a lawyer and member of the bar in Ontario. As such, I know that it is sometimes necessary to provide detailed valuations and paperwork to satisfy all parties that may be involved with an estate or other division of property. If you are selling a collection which requires careful attention to these issues, an experienced and professional coin dealer should be able to meet your requirements without difficulty.
BACK TO TOP
ARE THERE ANY TAXES ON THE SALE OF YOUR COINS?
While different rules may apply in different jurisdictions, in Canada there is an exemption which makes the sale of most (but not all) collector coins and paper money exempt from capital gains taxes. The Income Tax Act has a provision for dealing with “Listed Personal Property”, which includes coins, stamps and jewellery. If this type of collectible is sold for less than $1000, it does not normally attract any capital gains tax (or qualify for a capital loss). This will usually apply to each item even where the total value is over $1000, provided that it is not considered a set that is normally kept together. If you are uncertain about capital gains taxes on your collection, we recommend you discuss with your accountant. You should also note that Canadian Coin & Currency does not provide any direct reporting relating to the sale of collector coins, and any capital gains reporting is the sole responsibility of the seller.
BACK TO TOP
ORGANIZING ITEMS FOR SALE
If you are working with a professional coin dealer to sell your collection, it is not necessary to do much in advance to organize your collection. If you have a big collection, it is certainly useful to put similar items together, but an expert will likely be able to organize the collection more quickly and efficiently in a way that makes sense for valuation. I have seen individuals who inherited thousands of well circulated silver coins dated from the 1940s to 1960s who have sorted, bagged and recorded in a spread sheet all the coins by denomination and date. While they had great intentions, the silver value of these coins exceeded any collector value, and the most efficient way to deal with them was to empty all the little date bags into one bin to weigh it.
One useful thing that you can do in advance (if you wish) is to separate common Canadian coins by silver fineness. The following is a general guide to identifying the silver content of different Canadian coins:
.800 Fine Silver: All silver dollars 1935-1967, half dollars 1920-1967, Dimes and Quarters 1920-1966
.650 Fine Silver (average): 1967 dimes and quarters
.500 Fine Silver: 1968 Dimes and Quarters (non-magnetic only)
.925 Fine Silver: All Dimes, Quarters and Half Dollars 1919 and older
Higher grade coins from the 1950s and older may be worth more than silver value, but these can still be separated after sorting by silver fineness.
BACK TO TOP
SOME OF THE MOST VALUABLE CANADIAN KEY DATE COINS TO WATCH FOR
While there are hundreds of items that could have substantial premium values based on the combination of condition, rarity and demand, the following is a list of a few of the key dates in Canadian coins with a range of value from average grade to high grade. Note that condition plays a major role in determining value, and each key date coin should be carefully graded and valued.
| SILVER DOLLARS | 10 CENTS |
1945: $100 to $500+ | 1875H: $150 to $2,000+ |
| 50 CENTS | 5 CENTS |
| 1870 no LCW variety: $500 to $10,000+ 1890H $1,000 to $25,000+ 1905: $50 to $5,000+ 1921 $25,000 to $100,000+ 1948 $50 to $200+ | 1875H: $75 to $1,000+ 1884: $50 to $1,000+; 1921 $2,000 to $10,000+ 1925: $30 to $1,000+ |
| 25 CENTS | 1 CENT |
| 1875H: $150 to $5,000+ 1885: $50 to $2,000+ 1889: $75 to $3,000+ 1906 small crown variety: $1,000 to $15,000+ 1936 Dot variety: $20 to $1,000+ | 1858: $25 to $1,000+ 1891 Small Leaves Small Date variety: $40 to $500+ 1922: $10 to $500+ 1923: $20 to $700+ |
BACK TO TOP
SOME OF THE MOST VALUABLE CANADIAN KEY DATE BANKNOTES TO WATCH FOR
There are also hundreds of very valuable Canadian banknotes. These are a few notables that are both popular and highly sought after. Value ranges are from average condition to high grade condition.
DOMINION OF CANADA NOTES
$1 note 1866: $1,000 to $10,000+
$2 note 1866: $1,500 to $18,000
$1 note 1870: $250 to $10,000
$2 note 1870: $1,000 to $20,000
$4 notes 1900/1902: $250 to $15,000
$100 note 1911: $50,000 to $200,000+
$5 note 1912: $200 to $5,000
$5 note 1924 $1,500 to $15,000
$500 note 1925: $30,000 to $200,000
1935 BANKNOTES
$20 note: $250 to $10,000+
$25 note: $700 to $20,000+
$50 note: $800 to $20,000+
$100 note: $500 to $20,000+
$500 note: $30,000 to $200,000+
1937 NOTES WITH OSBORNE SIGNATURES
$50 note: $300 to $5,000+
$100 note $300 to $5,000+
1954 DEVIL'S FACE VARIETIES
Range from small premiums to $10,000+
1969-1991
Rare Test Notes and Replacement Notes can have premiums from $25 to $10,000
BACK TO TOP
WHAT TO EXPECT IF BRINGING A COLLECTION IN FOR EVALUATION AND SALE
While the experience may be different with other dealers, I can share with you the basics of meeting with a professional buyer at Canadian Coin & Currency. Expect a highly secure and professional environment with free parking close to our door. If you need help bringing in your collection, we will be happy to assist. Several semi-private buying areas are available as well as a private office for high value collections and clients who request full privacy. Staff have access to all relevant reference catalogues as may be needed as well as precious metals testing equipment and precision scales. Whether evaluating your small collection requires a few minutes or your larger collection requires several hours, we will provide detailed information for you to make an informed decision about selling. Our goal is to meet your needs and make evaluating or selling your collection a positive and rewarding experience.
BACK TO TOP
SELLING IN STORE OR SHIPPING YOUR COLLECTION
As a Toronto area coin store with a national customer base, Canadian Coin & Currency serves clients both in our showroom and by receiving shipments by courier. If you are able to come to the metro Toronto store, we recommend making an appointment in advance. In this way, Canadian Coin & Currency is better able to ensure that a qualified buyer will be ready to assist you. Appointments can be made by calling 1-888-236-2646 or by email info@cdncoin.com. If you are not in the metro Toronto area, Canadian Coin also welcomes you to send your coins and paper money for evaluation and our prompt purchase offer.
BACK TO TOP
As an enthusiast and expert in the field of numismatics, my extensive experience in dealing with coins and banknotes allows me to provide valuable insights into the concepts covered in the article. I've been actively involved in the coin business for several decades, combining my expertise with a legal background to offer comprehensive guidance.
Dealing with an Expert: Emphasizing the importance of seeking expert advice is paramount when dealing with coins. Every coin has a unique value, and distinguishing between common items and rare key dates requires specialized knowledge. I'm associated with Canadian Coin & Currency, recognized as a leading coin dealer with expertise in Canadian, U.S., and world coins, ensuring accurate identification and valuation.
Dealing Local or with a National Coin Dealer: I stress the significance of choosing between local and national dealers based on the collection's size and value. While a local dealer may be suitable for modest collections, a national dealer like Canadian Coin & Currency offers a broader reach and often provides better returns for collector coins and banknotes.
Making Sense of Information on the Internet: Highlighting the abundance of information on the internet, I caution that realistic expectations require a solid foundation in attributions, grading, and varieties. Novices may face disappointment without this background, emphasizing the need for an experienced numismatic expert to differentiate between common and rare items.
Using Coin Catalogues to Value Coins & Banknotes: I introduce several reputable coin catalogues such as Charlton, Whitman Red Book, and Krause for determining values. While these references offer valuable insights, I stress the importance of a numismatic expert for accurate valuation based on the specific coins and banknotes being considered.
Using Third Party Certification Services (such as PCGS or PMG): I provide a detailed overview of third-party certification services like PCGS and PMG, including fee schedules and considerations for coin and banknote certification. I acknowledge that certification may be beneficial for high-end collections, but it should be carefully considered based on the collection's nature.
Authenticating Coins: I explain the authentication process, combining visual examination with specialized tools such as precision scales, calipers, magnification, and XRF machines. This ensures a comprehensive and non-destructive approach to confirming the authenticity of coins.
Selling Coins on eBay or other Online Sales Venues: While acknowledging the potential of online sales, I caution sellers about the complexities, including fees, fraudulent buyers, and the potential for lower net returns compared to reputable dealers. Established dealers often provide a safer and more efficient selling experience.
Selling through an Auction Company: I discuss the option of live coin auctions, noting the potential benefits and drawbacks. Sellers should be aware of fees and commissions that impact the final proceeds.
Cleaning Coins: Based on my extensive experience, I strongly discourage cleaning coins, emphasizing that it can significantly devalue the collection. Natural patina on silver coins, for example, may enhance their value.
Appraisals for a Coin Collection: I differentiate between insurance appraisals and net sale value appraisals, emphasizing the need for clarity in the purpose of the appraisal. Professional coin dealers can offer evaluations and written appraisals, with associated costs.
Dealing with Estates, Lawyers, and Banks: Leveraging my legal background, I assure clients that experienced coin dealers can meet detailed valuation and paperwork requirements associated with estates and property divisions.
Taxes on the Sale of Coins: I provide information on the capital gains tax exemption for most collector coins and paper money in Canada, while recommending consultation with an accountant for specific cases. I clarify that Canadian Coin & Currency does not directly report sales for capital gains tax.
Organizing Items for Sale: I offer practical advice on organizing collections for sale, including sorting coins by silver fineness for efficiency.
Key Date Coins and Banknotes: I present a list of some of the most valuable Canadian key date coins and banknotes, highlighting the importance of grading and condition in determining their value.
What to Expect if Bringing a Collection in for Evaluation and Sale: I provide insights into the evaluation process at Canadian Coin & Currency, ensuring a secure and professional environment with experienced staff.
Selling In Store or by Shipping Your Collection: I recommend making appointments for in-store evaluations and emphasize the convenience of shipping collections for assessment, extending this service to clients outside the metro Toronto area.
My expertise in the field positions me as a reliable source of information for anyone navigating the complex world of coin collecting, selling, and valuation.
